Data assimilation has been widely used for improvement of crop models’ estimates, for example to incorporate the effects of external events or compensate calibration errors in large areas. The term describes multiple approaches for those who want to take advantage of satellite imagery to reduce uncertainty or improve accuracy of model estimates. Kalman Filters are among the most used methods for achieving these goals. But their use in new contexts, i.e., from open field to protected environments, requires untangling aspects of the pipeline that are often performed in many different ways without guidelines, such as which variables to assimilate or how to ascribe uncertainty to observations or model estimates. This study is then divided in two parts. In the first, we review details on how uncertainty is ascribed on crop model estimates and in observations for applications of the Kalman Filter and three variations of the method, i.e., the Extended, Unscented and Ensemble, as well as which state variables are often updated and the frequency with which assimilation may occur, as well as how these aspects are connected to each other. In the second part, we apply different approaches from the reviewed literature in a greenhouse tomato crop model. We use artificial data with controlled noise levels as well as artificial data generated by simulation using other tomato crop model. We assess the impacts of using different methods and different approaches for ascribing uncertainty in model estimates and in observations, by assimilating artificial observations of fruit and of mature fruit biomass. We note that covariances should not be fixed values, that there are trade-offs between ascribing model uncertainty to the state itself and to other elements of the process, that observation covariance may have been considered disproportionality higher when using some ensemble generation approaches in the EnKF, and that bias in model estimates may lead to worse outcomes even when observations are high-quality ones. While we discussed aspects that should be considered in a new environment, many of them are also important for field crops, and we concluded assimilation should follow an assessment of which variables could be useful for assimilation.

This dataset contains observations of tomato growth in a production-like setting, at research greenhouses. Two plants in each of three growth cycles were continuously monitored and pictures were taken every other day from above and from a side view while a weighting system was used to record changes in weight of plant and water in the substrate. Other plants in the environment were subjected to destructive analysis in general every two weeks to quantify aspects of growth that required destructive measurements, such as dry weight and plant leaf area, and these records are also included in the dataset, including the scans of digitized leaves. Plant samples destined to destructive measurements also had their pictures taken before removal. In total, 618 photos of monitored and removed plants were annotated, and masks of leaf, fruit and mature fruit are also provided. The dataset also includes measurements of photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature recorded inside the greenhouses by two sets of different sensors during the growth cycles. The dataset allows for applications regarding growth monitoring and computer vision tasks.

Researchers using crop models have been devising new roles for data and crop modeling based on the former’s increased availability and the new techniques developed for the latter. From the various available techniques, modeling may be tackled by data-driven methods or through a process-based approach. Process-based or mechanistic models may nonetheless take advantage of real-time observations through data assimilation. And while this approach has been widely used for field crops, this is not the case for crops grown in protected environments. We present a case study of data assimilation in a protected environment, capturing tomato growth data from different sources. We updated growth estimates of the Reduced State TOMGRO model, by assimilating observational data obtained through the continuous monitoring of plant mass and images captured by low-cost cameras, using the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Ensemble Kalman Filter. Since these techniques had not been used yet in the protected cultivation of tomatoes, it was necessary to develop the observation models as well, establishing the relationship between the observed variables and the ones estimated by the process-based model. The employed measurements, i.e., area of organs observed in pictures and plant-water mass, seemed suitable for tracking plant growth and for obtaining good approximations of the state variables estimated by the model. However, the quality of observations and of observation models was crucial for good performance of the assimilation techniques. As with other crops, it was not the case that assimilating one observation was useful for improving the value of others, including yield. We also observed that the assimilation performed better than calibrated models when there was a need to adjust the estimates to growth disturbances and that when filters lead to better yield estimates, continuous observations may not be required. There are then several steps and decisions that should be considered when bringing the idea from its application in field crops to protected environments and more studies are required to better determine the best approach.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Assess whether the spine surgical approach for degenerative diseases can influence the physical capacity of patients and its correlation with cardiorespiratory function. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 9 patients of both genders, aged between eighteen and sixty, scheduled for spinal surgery for degenerative disease in the lumbar segment. Patients underwent treadmill stress test two times, fifteen days before and sixty days after the surgery. A cardiologist performed the test according to the Bruce protocol with a progressive increase in incline and speed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and postoperative assessments for the parameters evaluated in the treadmill stress test. Forty-four percent of patients needed to interrupt the test postoperatively due to dyspnea (p=0.023). Conclusion: The improvement obtained with spinal surgery does not have statistically significant relevance in tiredness, pain, and fatigue in the lower limbs and low back pain. Some patients could not complete the examination after surgery due to poor physical conditioning, and it was necessary to interrupt the examination due to dyspnea. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality RCT (eg, < 80% followup, no blinding, or improper randomization).

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a abordagem cirúrgica da coluna vertebral para doenças degenerativas pode influenciar a capacidade física dos pacientes e sua correlação com a função cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo foi realizado em 9 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, programados para cirurgia de coluna vertebral para doenças degenerativas no segmento lombar. Os pacientes foram submetidos a teste de esforço em esteira duas vezes, quinze dias antes do procedimento cirúrgico e sessenta dias após a cirurgia. O teste foi realizado por um cardiologista de acordo com o protocolo Bruce com aumento progressivo de inclinação e velocidade. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as avaliações pré e pós-operatórias para os parâmetros avaliados no teste de esforço em esteira. Quarenta e quatro por cento dos pacientes precisaram interromper o teste no pós-operatório devido à dispnéia (p=0,023). Conclusão: A melhora obtida com a cirurgia da coluna vertebral não apresenta impactos estatísticos no cansaço, dor e fadiga relativos aos membros inferiores e dores lombares baixas. Alguns pacientes não puderam completar o exame após a cirurgia devido ao mau condicionamento físico, exigindo a interrupção do exame devido à dispnéia. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade (por exemplo, < 80% de acompanhamento, sem mascaramento do código de randomização ou randomização inadequada).

ABSTRACT The use of mechanistic plant growth models relies on the availability of high-quality inputs to reduce uncertainty in estimates. Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation inside a protected environment are either more expensive to obtain or dependent on assumptions regarding external measurements. This study aimed to reduce the influence of uncertainty in the measurements of low-cost lux meters by using a data assimilation strategy. We first determined, by simulation, the impact of different sensors on the estimates. We then used the Ensemble Kalman Filter to assimilate artificial observations of tomato growth in the Reduced-State Tomgro model, in simulations for which the solar radiation inputs were obtained from a low-cost lux meter. We compared the assimilated estimates to the simulations that used solar radiation obtained with a scientific-grade quantum sensor. For periods of larger radiation intensity, in which the differences in measurements from both instruments are larger, assimilation of observations with low errors lead to estimates that are closer to the ones obtained by scientific grade sensors. These results suggest that low-cost sensors could be used to obtain inputs for growth models in protected environments, provided there are also imperfect observations of the state. highquality high quality lowcost cost strategy determined simulation ReducedState Reduced State model meter scientificgrade sensor intensity environments state

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain is defined as pain, muscle spasm, or stiffness between the L1 and L5 vertebrae, below the lower margin of the twelfth rib and above the upper gluteal fold, and may or may not be associated with pain radiating to the lower limbs. Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain in spine surgeons. Method: A non-randomized quantitative cross-sectional clinical study was carried out in a sample of 95 spine surgeons in Brazil, with the application of the Oswestry and visual analog pain scales, in addition to a structured questionnaire for the characterization of the participants. Results: Among the studied population, 69.5% were orthopedists, 30.5% were neurosurgeons, and the mean age of the sample was 46 years (±10.6), with neurosurgeons being older than orthopedists. Regarding BMI, the majority (77.8%) were overweight or obese, and seventy-six percent performed physical activity. The prevalence of low back pain was 58.9%. No relevant differences were found in the time spent weekly in surgeries between those who had low back pain and those who did not (p = 0.364). Mean pain intensity was 2.0 (SD = 2.2), statistically (p = 0.025) higher in orthopedists (2.3) when compared to neurosurgeons (1.3). Regarding the ODI score, 98.2% of the surgeons had a minimal disability (0-20%) for daily activities. Conclusion: The prevalence of low back pain in spine surgeons is high and is associated with mild inability to perform daily activities. Level Of Evidence IV; Non-Randomized Quantitative Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La lumbalgia se define como dolor, espasmo muscular o rigidez entre las vértebras L1 y L5, por debajo del margen inferior de la duodécima costilla y por encima del pliegue glúteo superior, y puede o no asociarse a dolor irradiado a las extremidades inferiores. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de dolor lumbar en cirujanos de columna. Método: Se realizó un estudio clínico transversal cuantitativo no aleatorizado en una muestra de 95 cirujanos de columna en Brasil, con la aplicación de las escalas de dolor de Oswestry y analógica visual, además de un cuestionario estructurado para la caracterización de los participantes. Resultados: Entre la población estudiada, el 69,5% eran ortopedistas y el 30,5% neurocirujanos y la edad media de la muestra fue de 46 años (±10,6), siendo los neurocirujanos mayores que los ortopedistas. En cuanto al IMC, la mayoría (77,8%) presentaba sobrepeso u obesidad y el setenta y seis por ciento realizaba actividad física. La prevalencia de dolor lumbar fue del 58,9%. No se encontraron diferencias relevantes en el tiempo dedicado semanalmente a las cirugías, entre los que tenían lumbalgia y los que no (p = 0,364). La intensidad media del dolor fue de 2,0 (DP = 2,2), siendo estadísticamente (p = 0,025) mayor en traumatólogos (2,3) que en neurocirujanos (1,3). En cuanto a la puntuación ODI, el 98,2% de los cirujanos tenían incapacidad mínima (0-20%) para las actividades diarias. Conclusión: La prevalencia de lumbalgia en cirujanos de columna es alta y se asocia a incapacidad leve para realizar las actividades cotidianas. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudio Clínico Transversal Cuantitativo no Aleatorizado.

RESUMO Introdução: A lombalgia é definida como dor, espasmo muscular ou rigidez entre as vértebras L1 e L5, abaixo da margem inferior da décima segunda costela e acima da prega glútea superior, e pode ou não estar associada à dor que se irradia para os membros inferiores. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lombalgia em cirurgiões de coluna. Método: Foi realizado um estudo clínico transversal quantitativo não randomizado em uma amostra de 95 cirurgiões de coluna do Brasil, com aplicação das escalas Oswestry e visual analógica da dor, além de questionário estruturado para a caracterização dos participantes da pesquisa. Resultados: Dentre a população estudada, 69,5% eram ortopedistas e 30,5% eram neurocirurgiões e a idade média da amostra foi de 46 anos (±10,6), sendo que os neurocirurgiões eram mais velhos que os ortopedistas. Em relação ao IMC a maioria (77,8%) estavam com sobrepeso e obesidade e setenta e seis porcento realizavam atividade física. A prevalência de lombalgia foi de 58,9%. Não foram encontradas diferenças relevantes no tempo gasto semanalmente em cirurgias, entre quem tinha ou não lombalgia (p = 0,364). A intensidade média da dor foi de 2,0 (DP = 2,2), sendo estatisticamente (p = 0,025) maiores em ortopedistas (2,3) quando comparados aos neurocirurgiões (1,3). Em relação ao escore do ODI, 98,2% dos cirurgiões apresentaram incapacidade mínima (0-20%) para as atividades diárias. Conclusão: A prevalência de lombalgia em cirurgiões de coluna é grande e está associada com incapacidade leve para atividades cotidianas. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo Clínico Transversal Quantitativo não Randomizado.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a satisfação dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de mão em relação a sua internação, seus sentimentos, e as consequências decorrentes do procedimento cirúrgico bem como avaliar sua opinião e seus sentimentos em relação ao procedimento cirúrgico e detectar possíveis fragilidades na atenção à saúde do paciente submetido a cirurgia de mão. Método Estudo clínico observacional de corte transversal, com enfoque quali-quantitativo, realizado em um ambulatório especializado em cuidado da mão de um hospital de ensino, com os pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com idade de 18 a 75 anos, que tenham sido submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos corretivos de patologias da mão nos últimos 5 anos. Resultados Obtivemos o total de 54 participantes, sendo 26 do sexo feminino e 28 do sexo masculino, com idade mínima de 18 anos e máxima de 73 anos. Em relação à satisfação dos pacientes em 11 momentos avaliados, as médias foram entre 8 e 10, mostrando grande satisfação. Para os outros cinco momentos avaliados, as médias ficaram entre cinco e oito. Não obtivemos nenhuma média de satisfação abaixo de cinco. Conclusão A satisfação absoluta dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de mão é dependente da humanização da assistência à saúde, principalmente em relação às consequências cirúrgicas, que demandam maior acompanhamento. As consequências cirúrgicas que demandam maior acompanhamento e que dificultam as atividades rotineiras dos pacientes são dor à mobilização da mão, limitação do arco de movimento, e parestesia; assim, o manejo adequado dessas queixas leva à maior satisfação.

Abstract Objective To assess the satisfaction of patients undergoing hand surgery in relation to their hospitalization, their feelings, and the consequences resulting from the surgical procedure as well as to evaluate their opinion and feelings in relation to the surgical procedure and to detect possible weaknesses in the health care of patients undergoing hand surgery. Method Cross-sectional observational clinical study, with a quali-quantitative focus, carried out in an outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital specialized in hand care, with patients of both genders, aged 18 to 75 years, who have undergone corrective surgical procedures of hand pathologies in the last 5 years. Results We obtained a total of 54 participants, 26 females and 28 males, with a minimum age of 18 years and a maximum of 73 years. Patient satisfaction for the 11 moments evaluated had means between 8 and 10, showing great satisfaction. For the other five moments evaluated, the means were between five and eight. We did not get any satisfaction average below fivr. Conclusion The absolute satisfaction of patients undergoing hand surgery is dependent on the humanization of health care, especially in relation to surgical consequences, which require further follow-up. The surgical consequences that require greater follow-up and hinder the routine activities of patients are pain on hand mobilization, limitation of the range of motion, and parathesthesia; thus, proper management of these complaints leads to greater satisfaction.

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for late gestating sows on sow and litter performance, colostrum chemical composition, and sow behavior. Sixty gestating sows of 3.77±1.65 parity were divided into three groups of 20 animals, in a randomized block design with 0 (corn-soybean meal diet), 150, or 300 g kg−1 DDGS from 84 days of gestation until farrowing. Sows fed 300 g kg−1 DDGS presented a lower frequency of standing position and eating activity. The lying lateral position was more frequent in the first 40 min post-feeding for sows fed the highest DDGS level. There was no effect of diets on sow and litter performance; however, DDGS inclusion tended to increase lactation feed intake. Inclusion of DDGS was inclined to produce more lactose and less protein in colostrum, but did not affect colostrum fat, total solids, and ash contents. Inclusion of up to 300 g kg−1 DDGS in the diet of late gestation sows does not change sow and litter performance and colostrum composition compared with corn-soybean meal diets, but it favored animal welfare.

Abstract We evaluated the influence of a 32-day camping in Antarctica on physical performance and exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses. In Brazil, before and after the Antarctic camping, the volunteers performed an incremental exercise at temperate conditions and, two days later, an exercise heat stress protocol (45-min running at 60% of maximum aerobic speed, at 31°C and 60% of relative humidity). In Antarctica, core temperature was assessed on a day of fieldwork, and average values higher than 38.5°C were reported. At pre- and post-Antarctica, physiological (whole-body and local sweat rate, number of active sweat glands, sweat gland output, core and skin temperatures) and perceptual (thermal comfort and sensation) variables were measured. The Antarctic camping improved the participants’ performance and induced heat-related adaptations, as evidenced by sweat redistribution (lower in the chest but higher in grouped data from the forehead, forearm, and thigh) and reduced skin temperatures in the forehead and chest during the exercise heat stress protocol. Notwithstanding the acclimatization, the participants did not report differences of the thermal sensation and comfort. In conclusion, staying in an Antarctic camp for 32 days improved physical performance and elicited physiological adaptations to heat due to the physical exertion-induced hyperthermia in the field.

Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de dor lombar em enfermeiros de um hospital universitário da zona leste de São Paulo e estabelecer relação com aspectos sociais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal, através da aplicação de um questionário contendo questões sociais (peso, idade, altura, setor de trabalho, carga horária, prática de exercício físico, presença e frequência de dor lombar), além do questionário Oswestry. Resultados: Cento e cinquenta e três enfermeiros participaram do estudo, destes 92,30% das mulheres e 73,91% dos homens apresentaram dor lombar, sendo que um terço classificava a dor como esporádica. Em relação ao IMC, a dor é menor naqueles que estão abaixo do peso (60%) e maior entre aqueles que se apresentam sobrepeso (96,77%). A maioria da amostra era sedentária (66%), sendo que destes, 96% apresentavam dor lombar. Não houve diferença na comparação para período de trabalho, já em relação ao setor de trabalho a dor estava mais presente no setor de coordenação (100%), seguido por enfermaria infantil (92%), pronto socorro adulto (90%) e UTI adulto (31%). Trinta enfermeiros faziam dupla jornada, e destes, 90% relataram dor, já nos que trabalhavam somente no hospital universitário 89,4% relataram dor. Em relação à carga horária, quanto maior a jornada, mais dor. Na avaliação da função (Oswestry), 99 participantes obtiveram um valor de até 30% de incapacidade. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados deste trabalho, conclui-se que existe uma alta prevalência de dor lombar nos enfermeiros do Hospital Universitário, no entanto, não foi possível determinar um fator de risco direto associado à esta alta prevalência. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo de corte transversal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of low back pain in nurses at a university hospital in São Paulo and establish a relationship with social aspects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, through the application of a questionnaire containing social questions(weight, age, height, work sector, working hours, physical activity, presence and frequency of low back pain) in addition to the Oswestry questionnaire. Results: One hundred fifty-three nurses participated in the study. Of these, 92.30% of the women and 73.91% of the men presented low back pain, with a third classifying the pain as sporadic. In relation to BMI, pain is lower in those who are underweight (60%) and higher among those who are overweight (96.77%). Most of the sample was sedentary (66%), and of these, 96% had low back pain. There was no difference in the comparison by working hours, in relation to work sector, pain was more present in the following sectors: coordination (100%); children’s ward (92%); adult emergency room (90%) and adult ICU (31%). Thirty nurses worked double shifts, and of these, 90% reported low back pain, while among those who worked only at the university hospital, 89.4% reported pain. In relation to working hours, the longer the working day, the greater the pain. In the function assessment (Oswestry), 99 participants obtained a value of up to 30% disability. Conclusion: Based on the results of this work, it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of low back pain in nurses at the Hospital Universitário; however, it was not possible to determine a direct risk factor associated with this high prevalence. Level of Evidence IV; Cross-sectional study.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia del dolor de la región lumbar en enfermeros y enfermeras de un hospital universitario de la zona este de São Paulo y establecer una relación con los aspectos sociales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal aplicando un cuestionario que contenía preguntas sociales (peso, edad, altura, sector laboral, carga de trabajo, práctica de ejercicio físico, presencia y frecuencia de dolor en la región lumbar), además del cuestionario de Oswestry. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 153 enfermeros y enfermeras, de los cuales el 92,30% de las mujeres y el 73,91% de los hombres presentaban dolor en la región lumbar, y un tercio clasificaba el dolor como esporádico. En cuanto al IMC, el dolor es menor en los que tienen un peso inferior al normal (60%) y mayor entre los que tienen sobrepeso (96,77%).La mayoría de la muestra era sedentaria (66%), y de ellos, el 96% presentaba lumbalgia. No hubo diferencias en la comparación por período de trabajo, pero en cuanto al sector de trabajo, el dolor estuvo más presente en el sector de: coordinación (100%); seguido de la sala infantil (92%); urgencias de adultos (90%) y UCI de adultos (31%). Treinta enfermeros y enfermeras trabajaban en doble turno, y de ellos, el 90% manifestó dolor, mientras que de los que trabajaban sólo en el hospital universitario, el 89,4% manifestó dolor. En cuanto a la carga de trabajo, cuanto más largo es el turno, más dolor. En la evaluación de la función (Oswestry), 99 participantes obtuvieron un valor de hasta un 30% de incapacidad. Conclusión: A partir de los resultados de este estudio, se concluye que existe una alta prevalencia de dolor de la región lumbar en enfermeros y enfermeras del Hospital Universitario, sin embargo, no fue posible determinar un factor de riesgo directo asociado a esta alta prevalencia. Nivel de Evidencia IV; .Estudio Transversal.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de lombalgia e estabelecer correlação com fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de dor lombar em um Hospital Escola da Zona Leste de São Paulo. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo analítico observacional transversal, no qual foram avaliados 90 pacientes provenientes das enfermarias do Hospital Escola. Foram empregados instrumentos internacionalmente validados para avaliar aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e comportamentais. Resultados A taxa de prevalência obtida foi de 57,73%, considerada alta em comparação com as taxas das pesquisadas realizadas fora do ambiente hospitalar. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino, com 30,13% (DPa 5,32%). Os distúrbios do sono, medidos indiretamente por meio de horas de sono e a média da graduação de dor (p = 0,007), parecem agir como fator de risco. Os instrumentos para verificação da dor parecem ter maior eficácia quando usados em conjunto, sendo observada uma associação entre o questionário de Oswestry (ODI) e a escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor (p = 0,000). Conclusões Constatou-se maior taxa da prevalência de lombalgia entre os indivíduos institucionalizados, principalmente, os hospitalizados, comparada a taxas observadas fora do contexto hospitalar. Nível de evidência IV; Estudo Observacional Transversal.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of low back pain and to establish a correlation with risk factors for the development of low back pain in a teaching hospital in the East Zone of São Paulo. Method This is a cross-sectional, observational, analytical study, in which 90 patients from the teaching hospital wards were evaluated. Internationally validated instruments were used to assess clinical, epidemiological and behavioral aspects. Results The prevalence rate obtained was 57.73%, which is considered high compared to the rates in studies conducted outside of the hospital environment. There was predominance in the female sex, at 30.13% (SSD 5.32%). Sleep disturbances, measured indirectly through hours of sleep and the average pain score (p = 0.007), seem to act as a risk factor. The instruments for checking pain seem to be more effective when used together, with an association being observed between the Oswestry questionnaire (ODI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (p = 0.000). Conclusions There is a prevalence of low back pain among institutionalized individuals, especially those who are hospitalized, compared to rates observed outside the hospital environment. Level of evidence IV; Cross-sectional observational.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de lumbalgia y establecer una correlación con los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del dolor lumbar en un hospital universitario en la Zona Este de São Paulo. Métodos Este es un estudio analítico observacional de corte transversal, en el que se evaluaron 90 pacientes de las enfermerías del hospital universitario. Se utilizaron instrumentos validados internacionalmente para evaluar aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y de comportamiento. Resultados La tasa de prevalencia obtenida fue de 57,73%, considerada alta en comparación con las tasas de los encuestados fuera del ámbito hospitalario. Predominó el sexo femenino, con un 30,13%(SSD 5,32%). Los trastornos del sueño, medidos indirectamente a través de horas de sueño y la puntuación promedio de dolor (p = 0,007), parecen actuar como un factor de riesgo. Los instrumentos para controlar el dolor parecen ser más efectivos cuando se usan juntos, con una asociación entre el cuestionario de Oswestry (ODI) y la escala visual analógica (EVA) del dolor (p = 0,000). Conclusiones Se encontró una mayor tasa de prevalencia de dolor lumbar entre los individuos institucionalizados, especialmente los hospitalizados, en comparación con las tasas observadas fuera del contexto hospitalario. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudio Observacional Transversal.

RESUMO Introdução: O lócus de controle específico para a dor de cabeça (LOC) refere-se às crenças dos indivíduos acerca de seu controle sobre o início, o curso e as consequências das dores de cabeça. As crenças sobre LOC têm sido associadas à depressão, às estratégias de enfrentamento, à incapacidade relacionada às dores de cabeça e aos resultados do tratamento. Objetivo: Testar a adaptação transcultural e as propriedades psicométricas de uma versão brasileira da Escala de Lócus de Controle Específico para Dor de Cabeça (HSLC). Método: Cento e trinta e quatro pacientes ambulatoriais com enxaqueca completaram a HSLC e medidas de sintomas psicopatológicos, catastrofização da dor, depressão, ansiedade, qualidade de vida e incapacidade relacionada à dor de cabeça. Resultados: A estrutura de 3 fatores da HSLC (LOC-P, LOC-C e LOC-I) foi confirmada na amostra brasileira. O instrumento demonstrou boa consistência interna, com α de Cronbach de 0,77 para HSLC total e de 0,70, 0,83 e 0,87 para LOC-P, LOC-C e LOC-I, respectivamente. LOC-C correlacionou-se com a frequência e a intensidade da dor de cabeça. Acompanhado de intensidade da dor de cabeça, depressão e catastrofização da dor, o LOC-I foi responsável por 45% da variância (R2 ajustado=0,45; F=12,97; p<0,01) na incapacidade relacionada à dor de cabeça. Conclusões: A versão brasileira da HSLC é uma medida válida e confiável de crenças de LOC específicas para dor de cabeça. É importante considerar o equilíbrio entre os três LOCs para cada indivíduo, em vez de interpretá-los separadamente.

ABSTRACT Background: Headache-Specific Locus of Control (LOC) refers to individuals’ beliefs about their control over the onset, course and consequences of headaches. LOC beliefs have been associated with depression, coping strategies, headache-related disability and treatment outcomes. Objective: To test the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale (HSLC). Methods: One hundred and thirty-four migraine outpatients completed the HSLC and provided measurements of psychopathological symptoms, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, quality of life and headache-related disability. Results: The three-factor structure of the HSLC (LOC-P, LOC-C and LOC-I) was confirmed in the Brazilian sample. The instrument showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach's α of 0.77 for total HSLC and 0.70, 0.83 and 0.87, for LOC-P, LOC-C and LOC-I, respectively. LOC-C correlated with headache frequency and headache intensity. Along with headache intensity, depression and pain catastrophizing, LOC-I accounted for 45% of the variance (adjusted R2=0.45; F=12.97; p<0.01) in headache-related disability. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the HSLC is a valid and reliable measure of headache-specific LOC beliefs. It is important to consider the balance between the three LOCs for each individual, instead of interpreting them separately.

In the present work, we propose the application of stable isotope analysis (δ13C) as an auxiliary tool for the inspection of sugarcane/petroleum polyethylene blends. Our results are supported from the analysis of selected samples by accelerator mass spectrometry (14C-AMS). From the results, it was concluded that the δ13C method is suitable to discriminate samples derived from sugarcane, petroleum, or its blends. It was also noted that both regression models (δ13C method and the δ13C vs 14C-AMS regression) presents potential to estimate the bio-based content; however, future work should focus on validating these models. From the screening model, developed with δ13C data, 33.33% of the samples were highlighted as suspected of being out of specification. Thus, the screening method can identify samples most likely to be out of specification and reduce the demand for inspection of biogenic content following the ASTM D6866 standard (14C-AMS).

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas e químicas do noni (Morinda citrifolia) cultivado no estado de Mato Grosso. Frutos maduros provenientes de um plantio localizado na cidade de Cuiabá, MT, tiveram a casca, polpa e as sementes separadas e submetidas a diferentes avaliações. As partes das frutas foram caracterizadas física e quimicamente. Foram feitas determinações de vitamina C, de carotenoides, de fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante total do mesocarpo (polpa) do fruto. O noni cultivado no Mato Grosso apresenta altos níveis de potássio, cálcio e sódio, com predominância de potássio. O teor de proteína foi maior na semente e, de cinzas, na casca, respectivamente. A polpa de noni apresentou altos níveis de vitamina C, carotenoides e fenólicos e pode ser considerado um potencial antioxidante.

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of noni (Morinda citrifolia) grown in the Mato Grosso State. Ripe fruits from a field located in Cuiabá-MT, had the peel, pulp and seeds separated and subjected to different evaluations. The fruit parts were characterized physically and chemically. Determinations of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolics and the total antioxidant activity of the fruit mesocarp (pulp) were made. Noni cultivated in the Mato Grosso State presents high levels of potassium, calcium and sodium, with predominance of potassium. The protein content was higher in the seed, and the ash, in the peel, respectively. Noni pulp showed high levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolics and can be considered a potential antioxidant.